Cleft grafting is a common technique used to propagate fruit trees and other plants by joining a scion (the desired variety) to a rootstock (the base plant). This method is particularly useful for grafting trees that are difficult to propagate by other means or for rejuvenating old trees. Here’s a detailed explanation of each step in the cleft grafting procedure:
Materials Needed
- Scion (the desired variety)
- Rootstock (the plant to be grafted onto)
- Grafting knife or sharp utility knife
- Grafting tape or parafilm
- Pruning shears
- Grafting wax or sealant
- A clean cloth
Step 1: Prepare the Rootstock
- Choose the Rootstock
Select a healthy, young rootstock that is compatible with the scion. The rootstock should be the same size or slightly larger than the scion. - Make a Clean Cut
Using pruning shears, cut the rootstock at a height of about 4–6 inches above the ground. The cut should be straight and clean to ensure a good union.
Step 2: Split the Rootstock (Clefting)
- Make a Vertical Split
Use a grafting knife to make a vertical split in the rootstock, about 2–3 inches deep. The split should be centered in the middle of the rootstock stem. - Widen the Split
Insert the blade of the knife into the split and gently twist to widen it slightly, creating space for the scion.
Step 3: Prepare the Scion
- Select the Scion
Choose a healthy scion that is about the same diameter as the rootstock. Ideally, it should be 1-year-old wood with 2–3 buds. - Cut the Scion
Using the grafting knife, cut the scion into a wedge shape. The cut should be clean, with the base of the scion tapering to a sharp point to fit into the rootstock’s split. - Match the Cambium Layers
On the scion, make sure that the cambium layer (the green layer just under the bark) is exposed. This is crucial for successful grafting, as the cambium layers of both the scion and rootstock must make contact.
Step 4: Insert the Scion into the Rootstock
- Place the Scion into the Split
Carefully insert the scion into the cleft of the rootstock. Align the cambium layers of both the scion and rootstock as closely as possible. - Check the Fit
Ensure that the scion is firmly inserted and fits well within the rootstock split. If necessary, gently adjust the scion to achieve a snug fit.
Step 5: Secure the Graft
- Wrap with Grafting Tape
Use grafting tape or parafilm to tightly secure the scion to the rootstock. Wrap the graft union to hold the scion in place, ensuring it is firmly bound but not constricting. - Seal the Graft
Apply grafting wax or sealant over the graft site to prevent moisture loss and infection. This will help keep the graft union moist and protected from pests and diseases.
Step 6: Aftercare
- Monitor the Graft
Keep the grafted plant in a shaded, humid environment for the first few weeks. Avoid direct sunlight and extreme weather conditions. - Check for Growth
Within a few weeks, you should begin to see signs of new growth on the scion. If the graft fails (e.g., the scion wilts or turns brown), remove it and try again with a new scion. - Remove the Grafting Tape
After 3-4 weeks, once the graft union has taken and the scion begins to grow, you can gently remove the grafting tape. Be careful not to disturb the union.
Step 7: Gradual Hardening Off
- Expose to Sunlight Gradually
Once the scion has taken and shows new growth, begin gradually exposing the plant to more sunlight to encourage hardening off. - Prune as Necessary
After the graft has successfully grown, prune any excess growth from the rootstock to redirect energy into the scion.
Conclusion
Cleft grafting is an effective way to propagate fruit trees, rejuvenate older plants, or combine desirable characteristics in one plant. By following these steps carefully and ensuring the proper alignment of the scion and rootstock, you can increase your chances of a successful graft and enjoy a fruitful harvest for years to come