Calla lilies, also known as Zantedeschia or by their common names “cartridges” or “alcatraz,” are elegant plants known for their striking trumpet-shaped blooms and lush green foliage. Whether grown in containers, garden beds, or as cut flowers, these beauties can elevate any garden. Here’s a guide on how to grow and care for calla lilies.
1. Planting Calla Lilies
When to Plant:
Calla lilies thrive in warm weather. The best time to plant them is in the spring, after the danger of frost has passed and the soil temperature has warmed to around 60°F (15°C).
Where to Plant:
Calla lilies prefer a sunny location, though they can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates. They do best in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil.
Steps to Plant:
- Prepare the Soil: Ensure the soil is loose and well-drained. Amend with compost to improve fertility.
- Planting Depth: Plant the rhizomes about 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) deep with the growing tips facing upwards.
- Spacing: Space the rhizomes about 12-18 inches (30-45 cm) apart to give them room to grow.
2. Watering and Care
- Watering: Calla lilies like consistently moist soil but not soggy. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil evenly moist throughout the growing season. Avoid waterlogging, as it can cause root rot.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
- Fertilizing: Use a balanced fertilizer (such as 10-10-10) every 4-6 weeks during the growing season to promote healthy growth and abundant blooms.
3. Light and Temperature Requirements
- Light: Calla lilies prefer full sun (6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day) but can tolerate light shade, especially in very hot climates. In partial shade, the plants may produce fewer blooms.
- Temperature: Calla lilies thrive in warm temperatures ranging from 60-75°F (15-24°C). They do not tolerate frost, so if you live in a colder climate, dig up the rhizomes and store them indoors during the winter.
4. Blooming and Deadheading
- Bloom Time: Calla lilies typically bloom in late spring to early summer, though in warm climates, they may flower through the summer.
- Deadheading: Remove spent blooms regularly to encourage more flowers and keep the plant looking tidy. Use sharp scissors or pruners to cut off the flower stalk at its base.
5. Calla Lilies in Containers
- If you’re growing calla lilies in pots, choose a container with good drainage holes. Use well-draining potting mix, and water regularly to keep the soil moist but not soggy.
- When container-grown, calla lilies can be easily brought indoors when the temperature drops, allowing you to extend their bloom time.
6. Winter Care and Dormancy
- In cold climates (zones 7 and below), calla lilies enter dormancy in the winter. After the first frost, dig up the rhizomes, clean them, and store them in a cool, dry place until spring.
- If you live in a warm climate (zones 8-10), you can leave the rhizomes in the ground year-round. Just reduce watering during the winter when the plant is dormant.
7. Pest and Disease Management
- Pests: Calla lilies are generally pest-resistant but can occasionally be affected by aphids, slugs, or spider mites. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for pest control.
- Diseases: Root rot can be a problem if the soil is too wet. Make sure the soil drains well to avoid fungal infections like rhizome rot.
Final Tips:
- Calla lilies are great as cut flowers. Harvest the flowers when they are fully open, and they will last for up to two weeks in a vase.
- Over time, calla lilies may spread and form clumps. You can divide them every few years to manage their growth and encourage healthier blooms.
With the right care, calla lilies will reward you with beautiful blooms and add an elegant touch to your garden or home year after year.