Licorice, known as Mulethi in Hindi (scientific name Glycyrrhiza glabra), is a perennial herb prized for its sweet roots, which have been used for centuries in herbal remedies, teas, and as a flavoring agent. Growing licorice can be both rewarding and relatively easy, as long as you provide the plant with the right growing conditions. Here’s a guide on how to grow licorice and care for it properly.
Step 1: Understanding the Licorice Plant
Licorice is a legume and a member of the pea family, native to the Mediterranean and parts of Asia. It grows as a shrub and can reach up to 4-5 feet tall. The plant thrives in warm climates and requires 2-3 years of growth before the roots can be harvested for use.
Step 2: Choosing the Right Location and Climate
- Climate: Licorice thrives in warm, sunny climates with mild winters. It is hardy in USDA zones 7-9, though it can tolerate temperatures as low as -15°F (-26°C) with proper protection.
- Sunlight: Licorice requires full sun to grow, which means at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. If you’re growing it in a cooler climate, choose a location that gets as much sun as possible.
- Soil: Licorice prefers deep, well-draining, sandy or loamy soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (around 6-8). It doesn’t do well in heavy clay or compacted soils. To improve soil drainage, you can mix in sand or organic compost.
Step 3: Preparing the Soil
Before planting licorice, prepare the soil by loosening it to a depth of at least 12-18 inches. Licorice plants develop extensive root systems, and deep soil is essential for root development. Enrich the soil with organic compost to provide the plant with necessary nutrients.
Step 4: Planting Licorice
You can grow licorice either from seeds or from root cuttings.
- Seeds: Soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours before planting to soften the seed coat and encourage germination. Sow the seeds about 1/4 inch deep in moist soil, spaced 12-18 inches apart. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
- Root Cuttings: Growing licorice from root cuttings is faster and more reliable than seeds. Obtain cuttings from a healthy, mature plant and plant them 2-3 inches deep in the soil. Space them 12-18 inches apart.
Step 5: Watering and Moisture
Licorice plants need regular watering, especially during their first year of growth. Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water the plant when the top layer of soil feels dry. Once established, licorice plants are relatively drought-tolerant but will still perform best with consistent moisture.
Step 6: Fertilizing
Licorice doesn’t require heavy feeding but will benefit from occasional fertilizing during the growing season. Apply a balanced fertilizer or organic compost once or twice a year, ideally in spring and mid-summer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as too much nitrogen can result in excessive foliage growth at the expense of the roots.
Step 7: Mulching and Weed Control
Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as straw or leaves, around the base of the plant to conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain soil temperature. Mulching also helps licorice’s shallow root system stay cool during hot summers.
Step 8: Pruning and Maintenance
Licorice plants require minimal pruning. Simply remove any dead or yellowing leaves to keep the plant healthy. Prune back the plant in early spring to encourage new growth.
Step 9: Pests and Diseases
Licorice is relatively pest- and disease-resistant. However, it may occasionally face issues with aphids, spider mites, or root rot. Use neem oil or an organic insecticidal soap to treat aphids or mites. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot and fungal infections.
Step 10: Harvesting Licorice Roots
Licorice roots take 2-3 years to mature before they are ready to harvest. Once the plant has reached maturity, carefully dig around the base of the plant to access the roots. Harvest only some of the roots at a time to allow the plant to regrow and continue producing.
- How to Harvest: The best time to harvest licorice roots is in late fall or early winter when the plant is dormant. Use a spade to dig around the plant, loosening the soil around the roots. Gently pull up the roots, and then cut them into manageable pieces.
- Drying: After harvesting, wash the roots thoroughly and let them air-dry in a warm, shaded area. Once dried, they can be stored for future use in teas, medicines, or cooking.
Step 11: Propagating Licorice
Licorice can be propagated by division. After 2-3 years, you can divide the root system of mature plants to create new plants. Dig up the plant and separate the roots, ensuring each new section has a healthy portion of root attached. Replant the divisions in a new area or pots.
Step 12: Growing Licorice in Containers
If you don’t have a garden, licorice can also be grown in large pots or containers. Choose a deep container (at least 18 inches deep) to allow space for the roots. Use a well-draining potting mix and place the container in a sunny spot.
Final Tips for Growing Licorice:
- Licorice is a slow-growing plant, so patience is key.
- Keep the soil moist but avoid waterlogging to prevent root diseases.
- Be mindful of the plant’s spreading nature; licorice can take over garden beds if not controlled.
With proper care and attention, growing licorice (Mulethi) can be a rewarding endeavor, providing you with a sustainable source of the sweet, aromatic root for years to come!